The February 2027 Mandate.

By February 18, 2027, every LMT battery, industrial battery > 2kWh, and EV battery sold in the EU must carry a digital Battery Passport. Most supply chains are not ready.

View the Timeline Audit Your Readiness

90+

Mandatory Data Attributes

Regulation (EU) 2023/1542

What is the Battery Passport?

The EU Battery Passport is a digital record that stores and communicates critical information about a specific battery model (and in some cases, individual batteries) across its lifecycle. It acts as a digital twin, accessible via a physical QR code printed or engraved on the battery itself.

Conceived as a cornerstone of the European Green Deal and the Circular Economy Action Plan, the passport's intent is radical transparency. It forces manufacturers to disclose the exact chemical composition, carbon footprint, recycled content, and durability metrics of their cells.

Read the full explainer

Who does this affect?

EV Manufacturers Electric vehicle batteries are strictly regulated, requiring per-model and eventual per-unit passports.
Light Means of Transport (LMT) E-bikes, e-scooters, and mopeds fall under the exact same stringent requirements.
Industrial Batteries (>2kWh) Grid storage, telecom backups, and heavy machinery power systems.

The Data Requirements

The regulation mandates approximately 90 distinct data attributes to be collected, verified, and hosted. These are grouped into distinct categories governing materials, performance, and circularity.

Category	Key Attributes	Access Level
General Info	Manufacturer details, manufacturing facility, date of manufacture, weight, battery category.	Public
Material Composition	Chemistry type, hazardous substances, critical raw materials (Cobalt, Lithium, Nickel, Lead).	Public
Carbon Footprint	Total carbon footprint declaration, carbon footprint performance class, share of carbon footprint per life cycle stage.	Public
Recycled Content	Share of Cobalt, Lithium, Nickel, and Lead recovered from waste present in active materials.	Public
Performance & Durability	Rated capacity, nominal voltage, expected cycle life, internal resistance.	Restricted (Operators/Authorities)
End of Life (EoL)	Manual for removal/dismantling, safety instructions for repurposing.	Restricted (Recyclers)

Review the exhaustive 90-point data list

Decentralized by Design

The EU does not provide a central database to host your data. Instead, the regulation mandates a decentralized system. Manufacturers must host their own passport data (or use a third-party SaaS provider) and ensure it is accessible via standard protocols.

The data must be machine-readable, utilizing open standards for interoperability. Furthermore, the system must support granular access control (Role-Based Access Control), as certain data fields are public while others are restricted to regulatory authorities or certified recyclers.

Architecture Guidelines

The Carbon Footprint Hurdle

2025

First Declarations Due

Before the digital passport itself goes live in 2027, manufacturers must begin submitting Carbon Footprint Declarations. For EV batteries, this requirement begins as early as February 18, 2025.

This is arguably the most mathematically complex requirement of the regulation. You cannot use generic industry averages. You must calculate the footprint specific to your manufacturing facility and supply chain, measuring CO2 equivalents per kWh of battery energy.

Calculate your exposure

Use our estimator to understand the data points required for a compliant PEF (Product Environmental Footprint) calculation.

Open Carbon Estimator

Common Implementation Failures

Ignoring Sub-Tier Suppliers

Tier 1 assembly data is insufficient. You need primary data tracing back to the mine for critical raw materials (Li, Ni, Co) to prove recycled content and environmental impact.

Guide: Supplier Mapping

Static PDF Thinking

The passport is not a PDF uploaded to a website. It is a live, machine-readable dataset requiring an API. Hardcoding static HTML pages will fail compliance audits.

Guide: API Requirements

Overlooking Due Diligence

Alongside technical data, Annex X requires a comprehensive supply chain due diligence policy addressing human rights and environmental risks in sourcing.

Guide: Due Diligence Policies

Complete Guide Index

Core Concepts

Technical Execution

Environmental Metrics

Tools

Frequently Asked Questions

Does this apply to consumer electronics?

No. Portable batteries (like those in smartphones and laptops) do not require a digital Battery Passport under the current regulation. However, they are subject to other requirements like removability and replaceability by end-users.

Who is responsible for creating the passport?

The "economic operator placing the battery on the market". Usually, this is the manufacturer. If a vehicle manufacturer integrates cells into a pack and places the final vehicle on the EU market, they bear the responsibility.

Are PDFs allowed for documentation?

For some qualitative fields (like safety instructions), a linked document is acceptable. But core data (composition, footprint) must be structured, machine-readable data (e.g., JSON) accessible via standard APIs.